فَأَتَتْ بِهِۦ قَوْمَهَا تَحْمِلُهُۥ قَالُوا۟ يَٰمَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْـًٔا فَرِيًّا … فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ قَالُوا۟ كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَن كَانَ فِى ٱلْمَهْدِ صَبِيًّا · قَالَ إِنِّى عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ ءَاتَىٰنِىَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَجَعَلَنِى نَبِيًّا
"She brought him to her people, carrying him… Mary pointed to the child. 'How shall we speak with a child in the cradle?' they said. The child said: 'I am the servant of God. He has given me the Book and made me a prophet.'"
I record this as my own reading, and its ground is the structure of the sūra: in the eighty-eighth verse the sūra will take up the claim wa qālu'ttakhadha'r-Raḥmānu waladā (they said: al-Raḥmān has taken a child). And the first word out of the mouth of the person who is the subject of that claim is ʿabd.
The answer is thus given fifty-eight verses earlier, inside the account. This is a structure that can be verified from the text.
فَرِيًّا — root ف-ر-ي: to cut, to cut out; and to fabricate. The lexicographers explain the word here as "unheard of, astonishing" or "fabricated"; I transmit both readings.
Different explanations of this form of address are transmitted in the classical commentaries: that in Arabic a person may be named by attribution to a righteous or well-known figure, or that a relative of hers bore that name. I confine myself to transmitting the explanations; I issue no definite ruling.
وَجَعَلَنِى مُبَارَكًا أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُ وَأَوْصَٰنِى بِٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَٱلزَّكَوٰةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيًّا · وَبَرًّۢا بِوَٰلِدَتِى وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْنِى جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا
| Attribute | John (12-15) | Jesus (30-33) |
|---|---|---|
| The Book | Khudhi'l-kitāba bi-quwwa | Ātāniya'l-kitāb |
| Parents | Wa barran bi-wālidayh | Wa barran bi-wālidatī |
| Tyranny | Wa lam yakun jabbāran ʿaṣiyyā | Wa lam yajʿalnī jabbāran shaqiyyā |
| The greeting of peace | Wa salāmun ʿalayhi yawma wulida… | Wa's-salāmu ʿalayya yawma wulidtu… |
There is overlap in four items, and in the third a single word changes. This is a symmetry that can be verified within the sūra.
And the difference in the second row is worth recording: for John wālidayh (his parents), for Jesus wālidatī (my mother). The text records with a single word the difference that arises from the account itself.