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al-Nisāʾ 4:131-134

The Qurʾān · Sūra 4: al-Nisāʾ · verses 131-134

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

4/131-134

ولله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض ولقد وصينا الذين أوتوا الكتاب من قبلكم وإياكم أن اتقوا الله … · من كان يريد ثواب الدنيا فعند الله ثواب الدنيا والآخرة وكان الله سميعا بصيرا

Wa li'llāhi mā fi's-samāwāti wa mā fi'l-arḍ, wa laqad waṣṣayna'lladhīna ūtu'l-kitāba min qablikum wa iyyākum ani'ttaqu'llāh … · Man kāna yurīdu thawāba'l-dunyā fa-ʿinda'llāhi thawābu'l-dunyā wa'l-ākhira, wa kāna'llāhu Samīʿan Baṣīrā

"To God belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. We enjoined upon those given the Book before you, and upon you, that you be mindful of God… Whoever wants the reward of this world — with God is the reward of this world and of the hereafter. God is Hearing, Seeing."

وَصَّيْنَا — a link with the sūra's first block

The root و-ص-ي occurred at the eleventh and twelfth verses of this sūra (yūṣīkumu'llāh, waṣiyya) and was treated there. I rely on that treatment.

VerseWordSubject
11Yūṣīkumu'llāhu fī awlādikumInheritance
131Waṣṣayna'lladhīna ūtu'l-kitāba … wa iyyākumMindfulness of God

The same root, once for the division of property and once for mindfulness of God.

And that in the hundred and thirty-first verse the address is made to both parties at once must be recorded: alladhīna ūtu'l-kitāba min qablikum wa iyyākum.

This is in the same direction as the qualification in the hundred and twenty-third verse (laysa bi-amāniyyikum wa lā amāniyyi ahli'l-kitāb): the same thing is said to both parties at once. This is a repetition that can be verified within the sūra and is the textual ground of the method's rule against sweeping rulings.

ثَوَابَ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ — the form of the answer

The root ث-و-ب: to return, to come back. Thawb — a garment (what returns to the body); thawāb — the return that comes back for what one has done.

And the form of the sentence must be recorded: the question is about "one who wants the reward of this world"; the answer names both together.

QuestionAnswer
Man kāna yurīdu thawāba'l-dunyāFa-ʿinda'llāhi thawābu'l-dunyā wa'l-ākhira

I record this as an observation about word order: the sentence does not reject the wanting; it says that the wanting has been kept too narrow.


The whole of Sūrat al-Nisāʾ