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Āl ʿImrān 3:106-109

The Qurʾān · Sūra 3: Āl ʿImrān · verses 106-109

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

3/106-109

يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهٌ وَتَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهٌ

Yawma tabyaḍḍu wujūhun wa taswaddu wujūh, fa-amma'lladhīna'swaddat wujūhuhum a-kafartum baʿda īmānikum fa-dhūqu'l-ʿadhāba bimā kuntum takfurūn · Wa amma'lladhīna'byaḍḍat wujūhuhum fa-fī raḥmati'llāhi hum fīhā khālidūn · Tilka āyātu'llāhi natlūhā ʿalayka bi'l-ḥaqq, wa ma'llāhu yurīdu ẓulman li'l-ʿālamīn · Wa li'llāhi mā fi's-samāwāti wa mā fi'l-arḍ, wa ila'llāhi turjaʿu'l-umūr

"On a day when some faces will grow white and some faces will grow black. … · These are the signs of God; We recite them to you with the truth. God wills no wrong to any of the worlds. · Whatever is in the heavens and the earth belongs to God; and to God all affairs are returned."

Word order: أَمَّاوَأَمَّا and the reversal of the sequence

And there is a fact in the word order that must be recorded: in counting the two groups, the verse opens with the faces that grow black.

Yet in the first half of verse 106 the order is the reverse: tabyaḍḍu (grow white) first, taswaddu (grow black) after. In the second half, on the other hand, fa-amma'lladhīna'swaddat comes first.

OrderFirst half (106a)Second half (106b-107)
1Tabyaḍḍugrowing whiteIswaddatgrown black
2Taswaddugrowing blackIbyaḍḍatgrown white

This is a chiastic arrangement (laff wa nashr mushawwash). And it has a consequence worth recording: the block ends with mercy (fa-fī raḥmati'llāhi hum fīhā khālidūn). That is, the reversal of the sequence settles which sentence will be the section's last.

I record this as an observation about the word order; I make no claim about reckonings or numbers.

And the sentence a-kafartum baʿda īmānikum must be recorded: the same construction occurs at 106 as a question, at 90 as a statement, at 100 as a warning. Three occurrences, in a single sūra:

VerseWordingMood
90Kafarū baʿda īmānihimA statement
100Yaruddūkum baʿda īmānikum kāfirīnA warning
106A-kafartum baʿda īmānikumA question

This is a repetition verifiable within the sūra.


The whole of Sūrat Āl ʿImrān