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al-Aʿlā 87:18

The Qurʾān · Sūra 87: al-Aʿlā · verse 18

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

87/18

إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَفِى ٱلصُّحُفِ ٱلْأُولَىٰ

Inna hādhā la-fi'ṣ-ṣuḥufi'l-ūlā "Truly this is in the earlier scriptures."

هَـٰذَا — what does it point to?

The referent of the demonstrative has been debated:

ViewWhat it saysAssessment
The immediately preceding ruling (14-17)The principle that the one who purifies himself is saved and that the hereafter is betterThe nearest referent; the majority's preference
The whole of the sūraEverything said in the sūraThe comprehensive reading
The QurʾānThe Book itselfThere are places where the demonstrative hādhā is used of the Qurʾān; but here it stays distant

The first view is the nearest and works most easily in point of language. The second view does not exclude it.

An important caveat: the verse does not say that the same wordings are found in the earlier books. The expression "this is in those scriptures" points to content. In establishing its relation with the earlier revelations the Qurʾān does not claim identity of text.

ٱلصُّحُف — the scriptures

Root: ص-ح-ف. This word was treated in the section on Sūrat al-Bayyina. What was recorded there:

A ṣaḥīfa is a spread and flat surface on which writing is done; it may be leather, papyrus or parchment. Its plural is ṣuḥuf. From the same root comes مُصْحَف (muṣḥaf): that whose leaves have been gathered together. In modern Arabic ṣaḥāfa (the press) and ṣaḥafī (a journalist) are derived from the same root as well.

And in the section on al-Bayyina, when the word's occurrences in the Qurʾān were listed, al-Aʿlā 87/19 had already been mentioned: for the earlier revelations, "in the scriptures of Abraham (Ibrāhīm) and Moses".

In the Qurʾān ṣuḥuf occurs in three contexts:

1. The earlier revelations — here and at al-Najm 53/36-37. 2. The records of deeds"When the scrolls are laid open" (al-Takwīr 81/10). 3. The Qurʾān itself"a messenger reciting purified scriptures" (al-Bayyina 98/2); "…in scriptures honoured, exalted, purified" (ʿAbasa 80/13-14).

What the three uses have in common is that all of them describe what is written and preserved.

ٱلْأُولَى — "the earlier"

A caveat of attention is needed, because in this sūra this word can set a trap.

At al-Ḍuḥā 93/4 ٱلْأُولَىٰ had occurred, and there it had the sense of "the former life"; as the opposite of al-ākhira. And al-ākhira occurred in the seventeenth verse of this sūra as well.

But the ٱلْأُولَىٰ in the eighteenth verse is not in that sense. Here it is the attribute of al-ṣuḥuf: the earlier scriptures — that is, the revelations sent down before.

The sūra, that is, uses the same word in two different works one verse apart: at 17 al-ākhira is the life of the hereafter; at 18 al-ūlā is the earlier books. The two are not a pair to one another.

I record this as a warning about reading.


The whole of Sūrat al-Aʿlā