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al-Anfāl 8:18-21

The Qurʾān · Sūra 8: al-Anfāl · verses 18-21

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

8/18-21

ذَٰلِكُمْ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُوهِنُ كَيْدِ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ · إِن تَسْتَفْتِحُوا۟ فَقَدْ جَآءَكُمُ ٱلْفَتْحُ وَإِن تَنتَهُوا۟ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ … وَلَا تَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوا۟ سَمِعْنَا وَهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ

"So it is; and God is the one who weakens the scheming of those who disbelieve. If you were seeking a decision, the decision has now come to you. If you desist, that is better for youDo not be like those who said 'we have heard' while they do not hear."

مُوهِنُ كَيْدِ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينthe root و-ه-ن was treated in Luqmān 31/14 and in al-ʿAnkabūt 29/41 (the loosening of strength; the flimsiness of the spider's house). I rely on that treatment.

إِن تَسْتَفْتِحُوا۟ فَقَدْ جَآءَكُمُ ٱلْفَتْحُthe root ف-ت-ح was analysed in detail in al-Fatḥ on the occasion of the sūra's name (to open what is closed; to give judgment). I do not repeat it here.

And the lexicographers dwell on who is addressed in the sentence: to whom the request for istiftāḥ belongs (the other side, or this side) has been disputed. I transmit the disagreement and do not impose a preference.

وَلَا تَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوا۟ سَمِعْنَا وَهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ

The sentence gives the distance between word and deed in a single line.

And this pair was treated in al-Baqara 2/93 (samiʿnā wa ʿaṣaynā) and 2/285 (samiʿnā wa aṭaʿnā). al-Anfāl adds a third state: what is said is right, but there is nothing answering to it.

PlaceWordState
al-Baqara 2/93Samiʿnā wa ʿaṣaynāOpen refusal
al-Baqara 2/285Samiʿnā wa aṭaʿnāAcceptance
al-Anfāl 8/21Samiʿnā + wa hum lā yasmaʿūnEmpty acceptance

This is a triad that can be verified across three sūras. I record this as my own reading: the state al-Anfāl describes does not stand somewhere between the two — it is less open than the first, but in terms of outcome it is close to it.

And in Fuṣṣilat 41/4-5 (fa-hum lā yasmaʿūn) it was recorded that not hearing is the consequence of turning away; I rely on that treatment.


The whole of Sūrat al-Anfāl