Tafsir LabMethodGitHubTürkçe

al-Aʿrāf 7:158

The Qurʾān · Sūra 7: al-Aʿrāf · verse 158

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

7/158

قُلْ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا

Qul yā ayyuha'n-nāsu innī rasūlu'llāhi ilaykum jamīʿan, alladhī lahū mulku's-samāwāti wa'l-arḍ, lā ilāha illā huwa yuḥyī wa yumīt, fa-āminū bi'llāhi wa rasūlihi'n-nabiyyi'l-ummiyyi'lladhī yuʾminu bi'llāhi wa kalimātihī wa'ttabiʿūhu laʿallakum tahtadūn

"Say: 'O people! I am the messenger of God to you all — of Him to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. There is no god but He; He gives life and gives death. So believe in God and in His messenger, the unlettered prophet who believes in God and in His words, and follow him, that you may be guided.'"

The place of the verse in the block

A point of word order must be recorded, and this is the sharpest transition in the Moses block: up to the end of the hundred and fifty-seventh verse the telling was in the third person; the hundred and fifty-eighth passes with a command qul (say) directly into address.

And the scope of the address must be recorded: yā ayyuha'n-nās and ilaykum jamīʿā.

Earlier addresses in the sūraScope
Yā banī Ādam (26, 27, 31, 35)The human race
Yā qawmi (59, 65, 73, 85, 79, 93)A particular people
158: Yā ayyuha'n-nāsu … ilaykum jamīʿāEveryone, without distinction

And the word jamīʿan reinforces this qualification further. This is a datum that can be read from the text.

And that this verse is set inside the Moses block is worth recording. I give this as my own reading and it is not binding; its ground is the place of the verse and the sentence before it: the hundred and fifty-seventh verse was speaking of a group within a community; the hundred and fifty-eighth opens the addressee out to all people. That is, the sūra passes from a narrow ring to a wide one, and does so in the middle of a story.

ٱلنَّبِىِّ ٱلْأُمِّىِّ

This phrase occurs twice, in the hundred and fifty-seventh and hundred and fifty-eighth verses.

The root أ-م-م: mother; and from this, origin, source, community (umma).

The exegetes disagree about what the word means in this phrase, and I give the disagreement in a table:

ReadingWhat ummī meansGround
1One who cannot read or writeThe tying of the root to the sense "remaining in the state in which he was born"; and al-ʿAnkabūt 29/48, wa mā kunta tatlū min qablihī min kitābin wa lā takhuṭṭuhū bi-yamīnik
2One belonging to a community to which no Book had come beforeThe use of the word ummiyyīn in the Qurʾān for those who are not people of a Book (Āl ʿImrān 3/20, 3/75)
3One of the people of Mecca — with reference to the phrase Ummu'l-qurā (al-Anʿām 6/92)That the name of the city is from the same root

All three explanations are transmitted; they do not exclude one another. I do not impose a preference.

يُؤْمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَكَلِمَٰتِهِۦ

A point of word order must be recorded: the messenger who is to be followed is described as himself one who believes.

I record this as an observation, and its ground is the relative clause: the sentence does not put the messenger in a position apart from the addressee; the same act (belief) is ascribed to him too.

And this connects with the objection in the sixty-third and sixty-ninth verses of the sūra: there it was thought strange that what came should come through rajulun minkum (a man from among yourselves). The hundred and fifty-eighth verse describes the messenger in exactly that position.


Roots analysed in this section

أ-م-م

The whole of Sūrat al-Aʿrāf