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al-Māʾida 5:97-100

The Qurʾān · Sūra 5: al-Māʾida · verses 97-100

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

5/97-100

جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْكَعْبَةَ ٱلْبَيْتَ ٱلْحَرَامَ قِيَٰمًا لِّلنَّاسِ

"God has made the Kaʿba — the inviolable House — a means of standing for people; and the sacred month, and the offering, and the garlands."

قِيَٰمًا لِّلنَّاسِ

The root ق-و-م: to stand upright. Qiyām here means, according to the lexicographers, "that by which people's affairs are kept standing"the point on which livelihood, safety and order rest.

The same root was treated at al-Nisāʾ 4/5, where property is called qiyāman lakum; I rely on that treatment. In both places the word is used for what keeps a community standing.

I record this as my own reading, and it is not binding: the verse names the order of the inviolable place and the inviolable month not under the heading of worship but under the heading of people's affairs going forward. This agrees with the line of the sūra's opening, awfū bi'l-ʿuqūd (5/1): safety stands on the keeping of promises given.

ٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (98) — two sentences, in one verse, with the same anna. The same pair was treated at al-Ḥijr 15/49-50 (nabbiʾ ʿibādī annī ana'l-ghafūru'r-raḥīm · wa anna ʿadhābī huwa'l-ʿadhābu'l-alīm).

قُل لَّا يَسْتَوِى ٱلْخَبِيثُ وَٱلطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ ٱلْخَبِيثِ (100)

The contrast is drawn between quantity and quality: kathratu'l-khabīth — abundance.

I record this as an observation: the verse grants that abundance is impressive (aʿjabaka) and even so refuses the equivalence. The objection is not that abundance goes unseen but that it is counted as a measure.

And the form of address should be recorded: fa'ttaqu'llāha yā ūli'l-albāb — "O people of the kernel". Lubb (ل-ب-ب): the kernel beneath a thing's shell. That is, the address is to those expected to look at the kernel rather than the shell — and the subject is precisely the deceptiveness of the outward appearance (of abundance).


The whole of Sūrat al-Māʾida