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Fuṣṣilat 41:13-18

The Qurʾān · Sūra 41: Fuṣṣilat · verses 13-18

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

41/13-18

فَأَمَّا عَادٌ فَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ ٱلْحَقِّ وَقَالُوا۟ مَنْ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةً … وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْنَٰهُمْ فَٱسْتَحَبُّوا۟ ٱلْعَمَىٰ عَلَى ٱلْهُدَىٰ

"As for ʿĀd: they were arrogant in the land without right, and said 'Who is greater than us in power?'… As for Thamūd: We showed them the right way, but they preferred blindness to guidance."

Two peoples, two separate defects

The verse separates the two peoples with the ammā … wa ammā pattern, and makes a separate diagnosis for each:

PeopleDefectExpression
ʿĀdThe measure of powerMan ashaddu minnā quwwatan
ThamūdPreferenceFa'staḥabbū'l-ʿamā ʿala'l-hudā

The first is an error of comparison: they suppose themselves the strongest. The answer comes with the same worda-wa-lam yaraw anna'llāha'lladhī khalaqahum huwa ashaddu minhum quwwatan. The verse does not change the measure; it carries the same measure through to the end.

The second is a matter of preference, and the verb must be recorded: istaḥabbū — Form X, root ح-ب-ب: to love, to prefer. That is, of Thamūd it is not said "they did not know"; it is said hadaynāhum — "We showed them the way." Then the preference comes.

I record this as an observation: in the fifth verse of the sūra the addressee had declared himself closed. Here it is shown, through the example of a people, that closedness can be a preference. A choice is made between ʿamā (blindness) and hudā (guidance) — and what is chosen is not seeing.

فِىٓ أَيَّامٍ نَّحِسَاتٍ — the word naḥisāt in this expression, used in the account of the destruction of ʿĀd, means "ill-omened, calamitous days". The same event occurred with the expression fī yawmi naḥsin mustamirr at al-Qamar 54/19, and was treated there. The two sūras use the same root; one says a single day, the other days.

A note per the method (Method): no ground for a belief in lucky and unlucky days is to be derived from this. The word qualifies particular days that befell that community; it lays down no general ruling about the calendar.


The whole of Sūrat Fuṣṣilat