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al-Muʾminūn 23:112-114

The Qurʾān · Sūra 23: al-Muʾminūn · verses 112-114

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

23/112-114

قَٰلَ كَمْ لَبِثْتُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ عَدَدَ سِنِينَ · قَالُوا۟ لَبِثْنَا يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ فَسْـَٔلِ ٱلْعَآدِّينَ · قَٰلَ إِن لَّبِثْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا لَّوْ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

qāla kam labithtum fi'l-arḍi ʿadada sinīn · qālū labithnā yawman aw baʿḍa yawmin fa's'ali'l-ʿāddīn · qāla in labithtum illā qalīlan law annakum kuntum taʿlamūn

"He said: 'How many years did you stay on the earth?' They said: 'We stayed a day, or part of a day; ask those who count.' He said: 'You stayed only a little — if only you had known.'"

The variant reading

Two readings are transmitted for the verb at the head of the hundred and twelfth and hundred and fourteenth verses:

ReadingPatternWho says it
qālaPerfect — "he said"The third person
qulImperative — "say"A command to the one addressed

Both readings are transmitted; I do not impose a preference. On the second reading the question is put into the Prophet's mouth.

كَمْ لَبِثْتُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ عَدَدَ سِنِينَ

The root ل-ب-ث: to stay in a place, to tarry. Labth — staying, delay.

And the word order must be recorded: the question is asked with kam (how many) and the measure is given openly: ʿadada sinīn"by the number of years."

I give this as my own reading, its ground being the presence of this qualification: the question itself fixes the unit of measure. And the answer given does not use that unit — it says yawman aw baʿḍa yawm. The question is asked in years, that is, and the answer given in days.

لَبِثْنَا يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ — and the other measures across this series

This expression is a repeated pattern in the Qurʾān and has been treated in several places across this series. A table of comparison:

PlaceExpressionThe measure
al-Aḥqāf 46/35ka-annahum yawma yarawna mā yūʿadūna lam yalbathū illā sāʿatan min nahārAn hour of a day
al-Nāziʿāt 79/46ka-annahum yawma yarawnahā lam yalbathū illā ʿashiyyatan aw ḍuḥāhāAn evening or a forenoon
al-Rūm 30/55yuqsimu'l-mujrimūna mā labithū ghayra sāʿaLess than an hour
al-Muʾminūn 23/113labithnā yawman aw baʿḍa yawmA day or part of one

All four expressions do the same work. And this measure was treated at al-Aḥqāf 46/35, where it was recorded:

The measure is worth recording: sāʿatan min nahār — a portion of the daytime. Not of the night but of the day: that is, of the time a person spends awake and aware.

I rely on that treatment. And the difference of the expression in al-Muʾminūn must be recorded:

One. The measure is larger — al-Aḥqāf and al-Rūm an hour, al-Nāziʿāt an evening, al-Muʾminūn a day.

Two. And it carries an uncertainty: yawman aw baʿḍa yawm — "a day, or part of a day". No definite figure can be given.

I record this as my own reading, its ground being the particle aw: the answer says less that it is giving a measure than that it cannot measure.

فَسْـَٔلِ ٱلْعَآدِّين

The root ع-د-د: to count. ʿAdad — a number; ʿādd — one who counts.

And the exegetes differ over whom the sentence means:

ReadingWho al-ʿāddūn are
1The angels — those who record deeds and days
2Those who deal with numbers — a general expression
3No one in particular — a deflection meaning "ask whoever is counting"

I pass the disagreement on; I do not impose a preference.

And the form of the answer is worth recording, and I give this as my own reading, its ground being that the sentence refers the matter to someone else: the answering party does not trust its own answer. Fa's'ali'l-ʿāddīn — "ask those who count." The answer, that is, is both a guess and a withdrawal.

إِن لَّبِثْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا لَّوْ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

And the response must be recorded: the answer given is not corrected — it is confirmed.

In labithtum illā qalīlā — "you stayed only a little."

I record this as my own reading, its ground being the build of the sentence: the answer does not turn out wrong. What is wrong is that this answer was not given in this world. Indeed the continuation of the sentence says so: law annakum kuntum taʿlamūn — "if only you had known."

And the apodosis of the particle law has been elided — the lexicographers record this and supply it as something like "…you would not have acted so." The sentence is left unfinished.

This is an observation about the word order: the elision leaves the completing of the sentence to the reader.


Roots analysed in this section

ع-د-د

The whole of Sūrat al-Muʾminūn