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al-Kahf 18:50-54

The Qurʾān · Sūra 18: al-Kahf · verses 50-54

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

18/50-54

وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ ٱسْجُدُوا۟ لِءَادَمَ فَسَجَدُوٓا۟ إِلَّآ إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ ٱلْجِنِّ فَفَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِۦٓ … وَكَانَ ٱلْإِنسَٰنُ أَكْثَرَ شَىْءٍ جَدَلًا

"When We said to the angels, 'Prostrate to Adam'… except Iblīs; he was of the jinn and he departed from the command of his LordMan is of all things the most given to dispute."

This story was treated in al-Baqara at 2/30-38 and in Ṣād at 38/71-85. I do not repeat it here.

The differences here must be recorded, and this is a datum of the text:

PlaceEmphasis
al-Baqara 2/30-38The vicegerency and the names
Ṣād 38/71-85The analogyanā khayrun minh
al-Kahf 18/50Kāna mina'l-jinni fa-fasaqa ʿan amri rabbihhis being of the jinn and his departing from the command

ف-س-ق root: the date's coming out of its skin — to overflow a boundary. It was treated in al-Ḥujurāt at 49/6 and in al-Baqara at 2/26.

أَفَتَتَّخِذُونَهُۥ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُۥٓ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِى وَهُمْ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّthe same line was treated in Fāṭir at 35/6 (fa'ttakhidhūhu ʿaduwwā); I rely on that treatment.

وَكَانَ ٱلْإِنسَٰنُ أَكْثَرَ شَىْءٍ جَدَلًا (54)

The ج-د-ل root was the whole backbone of Ghāfir (al-Muʾmin) — there its five occurrences were tabulated and it was recorded that what is condemned is dispute without support. And in al-Baqara at 2/197 the concrete sense of the root (to twist a rope tightly) was analysed. I rely on that treatment.

The expression here is worth recording: akthara shayʾin jadalā — "of all things the most disputatious".

I record this as an observation: the sentence names dispute as the most marked characteristic of man. And in the twenty-second verse of the sūra dispute was itself limited (fa-lā tumāri fīhim illā mirāʾan ẓāhirā). The two verses are read together: the tendency is identified, then a limit is placed.


Roots analysed in this section

ف-س-ق

The whole of Sūrat al-Kahf