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Yūnus 10:45-46

The Qurʾān · Sūra 10: Yūnus · verses 45-46

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

10/45-46

وَيَوْمَ يَحْشُرُهُمْ كَأَن لَّمْ يَلْبَثُوٓا۟ إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِّنَ ٱلنَّهَارِ يَتَعَارَفُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ · وَإِمَّا نُرِيَنَّكَ بَعْضَ ٱلَّذِى نَعِدُهُمْ أَوْ نَتَوَفَّيَنَّكَ فَإِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ

"On the day He gathers them — as though they had stayed no more than an hour of a day — they will recognise one another. Those who denied the meeting with God have indeed lost; they were not on the right way. · Whether We show you something of what We promise them, or take you to Us: their return is to Us. Then God is witness over what they do."

كَأَن لَّمْ يَلْبَثُوٓا۟ إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِّنَ ٱلنَّهَارِand the pattern ka-an lam occurs for the third time in the sūra.

VerseWhat is erased
12Ka-an lam yadʿunā — a prayer that was made
24Ka-an lam taghna bi'l-ams — a place that existed
45Ka-an lam yalbathū illā sāʿatan — a lifetime that was lived

Three occurrences, one pattern. I record this as my own reading, and its ground is the repetition of the pattern: the sūra shows that three distinct things can become as though they had never been — a prayer, a place, a lifetime. And in all three what is erased is the thing that seems most impossible to erase.

يَتَعَارَفُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ — Form VI, which states reciprocity: they recognise one another.

Two explanations of the function of the sentence are transmitted in the classical commentaries:

ReadingWhat it says
1The recognition shows how short the time was — as if a span had passed just long enough to recognise one another
2The recognition is then cut off — they recognise one another, then each is left to himself

Both explanations are transmitted; I do not impose a preference.

وَإِمَّا نُرِيَنَّكَ بَعْضَ ٱلَّذِى نَعِدُهُمْ أَوْ نَتَوَفَّيَنَّكَ (46) — the sentence is almost identical with al-Raʿd 13/40 and was treated there in detail.

The two verses can be compared:

al-Raʿd 13/40Yūnus 10/46
ConditionWa in mā nuriyannaka … aw natawaffayannakaWa immā nuriyannaka … aw natawaffayannaka
AnswerFa-innamā ʿalayka'l-balāghu wa ʿalayna'l-ḥisābFa-ilaynā marjiʿuhum, thumma'llāhu shahīdun ʿalā mā yafʿalūn

al-Raʿd drew the limit by a division of labour; Yūnus draws it by the place of return. I record this as an observation: the two verses say the same thing with two different words — the one ḥisāb, the other marjiʿ.

And at al-Qaṣaṣ 28/56 a table of this limit across seven sūras was set up. What Yūnus adds to that table is the ninety-ninth verse, and I shall take it up there.


The whole of Sūrat Yūnus