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al-Anbiyāʾ 21:85-86

The Qurʾān · Sūra 21: al-Anbiyāʾ · verses 85-86

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

21/85-86

وَإِسْمَٰعِيلَ وَإِدْرِيسَ وَذَا ٱلْكِفْلِ كُلٌّ مِّنَ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ · وَأَدْخَلْنَٰهُمْ فِى رَحْمَتِنَآ إِنَّهُم مِّنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ

Wa Ismāʿīla wa Idrīsa wa Dha'l-Kifl, kullun mina'ṣ-ṣābirīn · Wa adkhalnāhum fī raḥmatinā innahum mina'ṣ-ṣāliḥīn

"And Ishmael, Idrīs and Dhū'l-Kifl: each of them was among the steadfast. · We admitted them into Our mercy. They were among the righteous."

Three names without a story

And this is the most striking place in the series: three names are named and no event is told about any of them.

The only thing given is an attribute: kullun mina'ṣ-ṣābirīn.

I record this as my own reading, its ground being the section itself: the series comes down here to its barest form. No call, no scene, no account of deliverance — only a sentence of belonging.

And the pattern kullun mina'ṣ-ṣābirīn is a pattern seen elsewhere in the sūra as well: innahu mina'ṣ-ṣāliḥīn (75), innahum mina'ṣ-ṣāliḥīn (86). The series names its people by joining them to groups.

ذَا ٱلْكِفْل

The Qurʾān speaks of this name in two places: here and at Ṣād on 38/48 (wa'dhkur Ismāʿīla wa'l-Yasaʿa wa Dha'l-Kifl). In both it occurs inside a list and no event is told.

Kifl — root ك-ف-ل. Two directions are transmitted for the sense of the word:

Sense of the rootWhat Dhū'l-Kifl would mean
Kifl — a share, a portion"The one with a share" — one to whom a portion has been given
Kafāla — undertaking, standing surety"The one who undertakes" — one who takes a matter upon himself

And in the classical commentaries it has even been disputed whether this person was a prophet.

I transmit the disagreement and do not impose a preference. And I enter into no detail the Qurʾān has not given — no name, no place, no event. The same boundary holds in this commentary for Idrīs as well: the Qurʾān tells no event about him in this sūra.

وَأَدْخَلْنَٰهُمْ فِى رَحْمَتِنَاand the sentence of the seventy-fifth verse is repeated word for word. There singular (adkhalnāhu), here plural (adkhalnāhum). It is a repetition that can be verified within the sūra.


The whole of Sūrat al-Anbiyāʾ