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al-ʿĀdiyāt 100:2

The Qurʾān · Sūra 100: al-ʿĀdiyāt · verse 2

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

100/2

فَٱلْمُورِيَٰتِ قَدْحًا

Fa'l-mūriyāti qadḥā "And by those that strike out sparks as they strike."

فَ — succession

The sūra uses فَ at the head of verses 2, 3, 4 and 5. This is the fāʾ al-taʿqīb: it gives the sense immediately after. ثُمَّ (then) puts time in between; وَ conveys no order; فَ builds an unbroken continuity.

Four fāʾs in four verses. The scene flows without a break. This is exactly the rhythm one expects in the telling of a raid: no halt.

Note this — the oath itself began with a wāw, but all the transitions inside it are made with a fāʾ. That is, the thing sworn by is a single thing; the five verses are five moments of that one thing, not five separate objects. For this reason the grammarians count the five verses as a single oath.

أَوْرَىٰ — to strike out fire

Root: و-ر-ي. Warā'l-zandu — fire came out of the fire-stick. أَوْرَى (Form IV) — he brought fire out, he kindled the fire.

The zand is the two-piece fire-making set the Arabs used to light a fire: a spark is obtained by rubbing or striking the one against the other. The Qurʾān mentions this operation directly:

"Have you considered the fire that you kindle? Was it you who brought its tree into being, or are We the bringer?" (al-Wāqiʿa 56/71-72)

The verb there is this verb. That is, in the Qurʾān's own usage the word describes the operation of bringing fire out of stone or out of wood.

قَدْحًا — a striking

Root: ق-د-ح. Qadaḥa'l-zanda — he struck the fire-stick, he rubbed it. مِقْدَحَة — the fire-striking implement. At the centre of the root there is a hard blow.

The verse sets these two words side by side: al-mūriyāti qadḥāthose that bring out fire by striking. The hoof striking the stone, and a spark born of the strike.

A natural inference is drawn from this, and most of the exegetes draw it: a spark is seen in the dark. By day the spark of a hoof goes unnoticed. That is, the second verse says that the scene passes at night — and the third verse will bring the morning. Between the two verses there is a line of time: travelling through the night, arrival towards dawn.

This is the real logistics of a raid.

A detail

The spark comes out of stone. Out of the place where the finding of fire is least expected.

The Qurʾān uses this reversal elsewhere too: "It is He who brings you fire out of the green tree" (Yā Sīn 36/80) — fire out of what is moist, that is, out of the opposite of fire. Here it is out of stone: out of what is cold and dead.

This stands not as a point of exegesis but as an observation; but since in the later verses of the sūra it will be asked what dry soil (kanūd) and dead graves yield, it is worth keeping in mind.


The whole of Sūrat al-ʿĀdiyāt