Tafsir LabMethodGitHubTürkçe

Yūnus 10:57-58

The Qurʾān · Sūra 10: Yūnus · verses 57-58

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

10/57-58

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ قَدْ جَآءَتْكُم مَّوْعِظَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَشِفَآءٌ لِّمَا فِى ٱلصُّدُورِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ · قُلْ بِفَضْلِ ٱللَّهِ وَبِرَحْمَتِهِۦ فَبِذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَفْرَحُوا۟ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِّمَّا يَجْمَعُونَ

"O people! There has come to you an admonition from your Lord, a healing for what is in the breasts, a guidance and a mercy for those who believe. · Say: 'In the bounty of God and in His mercy — in that let them rejoice. That is better than what they gather.'"

Four words

The verse defines the text with four words, and each of the four must be analysed separately.

WordRootCore senseTo whom
مَوْعِظَةو-ع-ظA word that softens the heart and recalls the endLakumto everyone
شِفَآءش-ف-يHealing, the removal of a sicknessLimā fi'ṣ-ṣudūrfor what is in the breasts
هُدًىه-د-يGuidanceLi'l-muʾminīn
رَحْمَةر-ح-مMercy, sparingLi'l-muʾminīn

And there is an order in the word order, which I record: the first two words come unqualified (jāʾatkum — it has come to you), the last two qualified (li'l-muʾminīn).

I record this as my own reading, and its ground is the position of the qualification li'l-muʾminīn: the admonition and the healing are open to all people; the guidance and the mercy are for those who believe. The door of the text, that is, is for everyone; its outcome is for the one who answers.

And this was treated in exactly these terms at Fuṣṣilat 41/44: huwa li'lladhīna āmanū hudan wa shifāʾ — and it was recorded there: "the same text: for the one a way and a healing, for the other a weight and a blindness. The text does not change; the place that receives it changes." I rely on that treatment.

The two verses can be set side by side:

Fuṣṣilat 41/44Yūnus 10/57
Number of wordsTwo: hudan wa shifāʾFour: mawʿiẓa, shifāʾ, hudā, raḥma
The other sideFī ādhānihim waqrun wa huwa ʿalayhim ʿamānamed openlyNot named — the only qualification is li'l-muʾminīn
OrderGuidance → healingAdmonition → healing → guidance → mercy

And the difference of order is worth recording: in Fuṣṣilat guidance comes first and healing after; in Yūnus healing first and guidance after. I give this as my own reading and it is not binding: the sequence in Yūnus is a sequence of treatment — first the reminder, then the recovery, then the walking.

لِّمَا فِى ٱلصُّدُور — "for what is in the breasts."

And the indirectness of the expression must be recorded: it does not say "a healing for hearts"; it says "a healing for what is in the breasts".

I record this as my own reading: what is treated is not the organ but the content — the thing that is in the breast. And the Qurʾān names elsewhere the things that are in the breast: ghill (rancour), ḥasad (envy), ḍīq (constriction), waswasa (whispering). The verse gathers them all into a single unspecified expression.

In al-ʿĀdiyāt this verse was named on the occasion of mā fi'ṣ-ṣudūr; I rely on that treatment.

فَبِذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَفْرَحُوا۟

The root ف-ر-ح was treated at Ghāfir (al-Muʾmin) 40/75 (the difference between faraḥ and maraḥ) and was named again at al-Raʿd 13/26. I rely on that treatment.

What belongs here is this, and it must be recorded: rejoicing occurs twice in the sūra, and its objects differ:

VerseWhat is rejoiced in
22Wa fariḥū bihāin the fair wind (those on the ship)
58Fa-bi-dhālika fa'l-yafraḥūin God's bounty and mercy

I record this as my own reading, and its ground is the repetition of the root: in the twenty-second verse the rejoicing was cut short at once by the storm. In the fifty-eighth the same verb is put in the imperative and tied to another object. The sūra does not forbid rejoicing — it changes its place.

And the word order must be recorded: bi-dhālika is brought forward and repeated with a fāʾ (bi-faḍli'llāhi wa bi-raḥmatihī fa-bi-dhālika fa'l-yafraḥū). The grammarians explain this repetition as emphasis: the specifying of the thing to be rejoiced in.

هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِّمَّا يَجْمَعُونَthe comparison is made with what they gather. The root ج-م-ع is the verb of amassing. The question of amassing was treated in al-Humaza and al-Takāthur; I rely on that treatment.


The whole of Sūrat Yūnus